World of Education/World of Education.iso/world_a/afr_july.zip/AFRNEWS7.ZIP/NEWS0625.93

Text File | 1993-07-02 | 41KB | 919 lines

                USENET INTER PRESS NETWORK NEWS

                UPDATED TWICE WEEKLY: TUESDAYS AND FRIDAYS

                LAST UPDATE: 6-25-93 AT 8:00 A.M.


From uwvax!uwm.edu!ux1.cso.uiuc.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!gatech!rutgers!cmcl2!ACF1.NYU.EDU!MACHIPSA Fri Jun 25 07:19:48 CDT 1993
Article: 16566 of soc.culture.african
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From: [e-mail]
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: SOMALIA: UN OR USA??
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Date: 22 Jun 93 17:51:25 GMT
Sender: [e-mail] (Notes Person)
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In the name of the UN, stop it USA!! The UN has has stumbled very badly in
Somalia, in an operation which was misconceived from the start. No matter how grievous the assault on some of its peacekeepers a few weeks ago, a revenge attack was not the answer. What had been billed as a swift and precise action from
the air has resulted into much more slaughter on the ground.

Though conducted in the name of the UN, this was essentially another special
operation from the same US team that sought to bring Suddam Hussein to his
knees, though in vein. The recent raid on Mogadishu could even be watced live
on CNN, with supplementary graphics depicting the state-of-the-art equipment
of the AC-130H spector II gunship. The deep ethic flaws of a strategy based
upon high-tech revenge have again been revealed.

The target, General Aideed, miraculously survived the raid and escaped
capture. Disappointed, the US ambassador to the UN announced that "a whole
series of attacks are contempleted in the future", apparently until Aideed
captured dead, dread or alive. Capture Aideed yes, if that is going to bring
peace and freedom in Somalia, but don't destroy innocent lives for God's sake
Dead bodies of un-armed civilians, sources say, litter litter the local
hospitals and morturies (Sp).

It is useless to suggest as UN sources....nay US sources that " allowances
must be made" for the anger of Pakistani troops, 23 of whose colleagues where
ambushed and killed a feew weeks ago which. ostensibly instigated the raid.
It is unfortunate and bad enough that some lives have been lost. The UN/US
should not alienate and kill the people it is supposed to protect.

Peace!!

Angelo Machipisa


From uwvax!uwm.edu!ux1.cso.uiuc.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!newsserver.jvnc.net!rutgers!cmcl2!ACF1.NYU.EDU!MACHIPSA Fri Jun 25 07:19:58 CDT 1993
Article: 16567 of soc.culture.african
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From: [e-mail]
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: Elephants Suffer trunk paralysis
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Date: 22 Jun 93 18:13:14 GMT
Sender: [e-mail] (Notes Person)
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As if droughts, rampant poaching and loss of habitat were not enough,
Zimbabwean elephants are threatened by a disease in which their trunks
become paralysed. Afflicted by drooping, useless trunks, the elephants are
unable to feed or drink and eventually starve. Sources say at least a dozen
elephants in the Matusadona National park, along lake Kariba in northern
Zimbabwe are affected. Two at advanced levels of mulnutrition have been
killed by game  wardens.

Rumor has it that it might be lake Kariba's waters which are causing the
disease. Only herds around the lake have been affected. Scientists believe it
has been polluted by boat engines and the elephants may be suffering from
lead poisoning. (Say what??? The fun in lake Kariba is over????)

Despite the bad news, Zimbabwe has a growing population of more than 60,000
elephants and has a programme to sustain them and other wild life as a
source of rural income from tourism, hunting and harvesting.

Angelo Machipisa


From uwvax!uwm.edu!ux1.cso.uiuc.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!usc!elroy.jpl.nasa.gov!decwrl!netcomsv!netcom.com!makobili Fri Jun 25 07:20:23 CDT 1993
Article: 16570 of soc.culture.african
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
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From: [e-mail]
Subject: Re:Somalia occupied?
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Organization: NETCOM On-line Communication Services (408 241-9760 guest)
X-Newsreader: TIN [version 1.1 PL8]
Date: Tue, 22 Jun 1993 20:54:38 GMT
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The following article appeared in the Los Angeles Times five months ago.
I am presenting it thinking it would help the ongoing discussion on the
subject.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------

THE OIL STAKES FACTOR IN SOMALIA
   The Los Angeles Times, Monday, January 18, 1993, page 1.

  o Four American petroleum giants had agreements with the African
  nation before its civil war began. They could reap big rewards if
  peace is restored.

  By MARK FINEMAN
  TIMES STAFF WRITER

  MOGADISHU, Somalia -- Far beneath the surface of the tragic drama
  of Somalia, four major U.S. oil companies are quietly sitting on
  a prospective fortune in exclusive concessions to explore and
  exploit tens of millions of acres of the Somali countryside.

  That land, in the opinion of geologists and industry sources,
  could yield significant amounts of oil and natural gas if the
  U.S.-led military mission can restore peace to the impover ished
  East African nation.

  According to documents obtained by The Times, nearly
  two-thirds of Somalia was allocated to the American oil giants Conoco,
  Amoco, Chevron and Phillips in the final years before Somalia's
  pro-U.S. President Mohamed Siad Barre was over thrown and the
  nation plunged into chaos in January, 1991. Industry sources said
  the companies holding the rights to the most promising
  concessions are hoping that the Bush Adminis tration's decision
  to send U.S. troops to safeguard aid shipments to Somalia will
  also help protect their multimillion-dollar investments there.

  Officially the Administration and the State Department insist
  that the U.S. military mission in Somalia is strictly
  humanitarian. Oil industry spokesmen dismissed as "absurd" and
  "non-sense" allegations by aid ex-perts, veteran East Africa
  analysts and several prominent Somalis that President Bush, a
  former Texas oilman, was moved to act in Somali, at least in
  part, by the U.S. corporate oil stake.

  But corporate and scientific documents disclosed that the
  American companies are well positioned to pursue Somalia's most
  promising potential oil reserves the moment the nation is
  pacified. And the State Department and U.S. military officials
  acknowledge that one of those oil companies has done more than
  simply sit back and hope for peace.

  Conoco Inc., the only major multinational corporation to
  maintain a functioning office in Mogadishu throughout the past
  two years of nationwide anarchy, has been directly involved in
  the U.S. government's role in the U.N.-sponsored humanitarian
  military effort.

  Conoco, whose tireless exploration efforts in north-central
  Somalia reportedly had yielded the most encouraging prospects
  just before Siad Barre's fall, permitted its Mogadishu corporate
  compound to be transformed into a _de facto_ American embassy a
  few days before the U.S. Marines landed in the capital with
  Bush's special envoy using it as his temporary headquarters.  In
  addition, the president of the company's subsidiary in Somalia
  won high official praise for serving as the government's
  volunteer "facilitator" during the months before and during the
  U.S. intervention.

  Describing the arrangement as "a business relationship," an
  official spokesman for the Houston-based parent corporation of
  Conoco Somalia Ltd. said the U.S. government was paying rental
  for its use of the compound, and he insisted that Conoco was
  proud of resident general manager Raymond Marchand's contribution
  to the U.S.-led humanitarian effort.

  John Geybauer, spokesman for Conoco Oil in Houston, said the
  company was acting as "a good corporate citizen and neighbor" in
  granting the U.S. government's request to be allowed to rent the
  compound.  The U.S. Embassy and most other buildings and
  residential compounds here in the capital were rendered unusable
  by vandalism and fierce artillery duels during the clan wars that
  have consumed Somalia and starved its people.

  In its in-house magazine last month, Conoco reprinted excerpts
  from a letter of commendation for Marchand written by U.S. Marine
  Brig. Gen. Frank Libutti, who has been acting as military aid to
  U.S. envoy Robert B. Oakley.  In the letter, Libutti praised the
  oil official for his role in the initial operation to land
  Marines on Mogadishu's beaches in December, and the general
  concluded, "Without Raymond's courageous contributions and
  selfless service, the operation would have failed."

  But the close relationship between Conoco and the U.S.
  intervention force has left many Somalis and foreign development
  experts deeply troubled by the blurry line between the U.S.
  government and the large oil company, leading many to liken the
  Somalia operation to a miniature version of Operation Desert
  Storm, the U.S.-led military effort in January, 1991, to drive
  Iraq from Kuwait and, more broadly, safeguard the world's largest
  oil reserves.

  "They sent all the wrong signals when Oakley moved into the
  Conoco compound," said one expert on Somalia who worked with one
  of the four major companies as they intensified their exploration
  efforts in the country in the late 1980s.

  "It's left everyone thinking the big question here isn't famine
  relief but oil -- whether the oil concessions granted under Siad
  Barre will be transferred if and when peace is restored," the
  expert said.  "It's potentially worth billions of dollars, and
  believe me, that's what the whole game is starting to look like."

  Although most oil experts outside Somalia laugh at the suggestion
  that the nation ever could rank among the world's major oil
  producers -- and most maintain that the international aid mission
  is intended simply to feed Somalia's starving masses -- no one
  doubts that there is oil in Somalia.  The only question: How
  much?

  "It's there. There's no doubt there's oil there," said Thomas E.
  O'Connor, the principal petroleum engineer for the World Bank,
  who headed an in-depth, three-year study of the oil prospects in
  the Gulf of Aden off Somalia's northern coast.

  "You don't know until you study a lot further just how much is
  there," O'Connor said. "But it has commercial potential.  It's
  got high potential ... once the Somalis get their act together."

  O'Connor, a professional geologist, based his conclusion on the
  findings of some of the world's top petroleum geologists.  In a
  1991 World Bank coordinated study, intended to encourage private
  investment in the petroleum potential of eight African nations,
  the geologists put Somalia and Sudan at the top of the list of
  prospective commercial oil producers.

  Presenting their results during a three-day conference in London
  in September, 1991, two of those geologists, an American and an
  Egyptian, reported that an analysis of nine exploratory wells
  drilled in Somalia indicated that the region is "situated within
  the oil window, and thus [is] highly prospective for gas and
  oil." A report by a third geologist, Z.R. Beydoun, said off-shore
  sites possess "the geological parameters conducive to the
  generation, expulsion and trapping of significant amount of oil
  and gas."

  Beydoun, who now works for Marathon Oil in London, cautioned in a
  recent interview that on the basis of his findings alone, "you
  cannot say there definitely is oil," but he added: "The different
  ingredients for generation of oil are there.  The question is
  whether the oil generated there has been trapped or whether it
  dispersed or evaporated."

  Beginning in 1986, Conoco, along with Amoco, Chevron, Phillips
  and, briefly, Shell all sought and obtained exploration licenses
  for northern Somalia from Siad Barre's government.  Somalia was
  soon carved up into concessional blocs, with Conoco, Amoco and
  Chevron winning the right to explore and exploit the most
  promising ones.

  The companies' interest in Somalia clearly predated the World
  Bank study.  It was grounded in the findings of another, highly
  successful exploration effort by the Texas-based Hunt Oil Corp.
  across the Gulf of Aden in the Arabian Peninsula nation of Yemen,
  where geologists disclosed in the mid-1980s that the estimated 1
  billion barrels of Yemeni oil reserves were part of a great
  underground rift, or valley, that arced into and across northern
  Somalia.

  Hunt's Yemeni operation, which is now yielding nearly 200,000
  barrels of oil a day, and its implications for the entire region
  were not lost on then-Vice President George Bush.

  In fact, Bush witnessed it first-hand in April, 1986, when he
  officially dedicated Hunt's new $18-million refinery near the
  ancient Yemeni town of Marib. In remarks during the event, Bush
  emphasized the critical value of supporting U.S. corporate
  efforts to develop and safeguard potential oil reserves in the
  region.

  In his speech, Bush stressed "the growing strategic importance to
  the West of developing crude oil sources in the region away from
  the Strait of Hormuz," according to a report three weeks later in
  the authoritative Middle East Economic Survey.

 Bush's reference was to the geographical choke point that
  controls access to the Persian Gulf and its vast oil reserves. It
  came at the end of a 10-day Middle East tour in which the vice
  president drew fire for appearing to advocate higher oil and
  gasoline prices.

  "Throughout the course of his 17,000-mile trip, Bush suggested
  continued low [oil] prices would jeopardize a domestic oil
  industry 'vital to the national security interests of the United
  States,' which was interpreted at home and abroad as a sign the
  onetime oil driller from Texas was coming to the aid of his
  former associates," United Press International reported from
  Washington the day after Bush dedicated Hunt's Yemen refinery.

  No such criticism accompanied Bush's decision late last year to
  send more than 20,000 U.S. troops to Somalia, widely applauded as
  a bold and costly step to save an estimated 2 million Somalis
  from starvation by opening up relief supply lines and pacifying
  the famine-struck nation.

  But since the U.S. intervention began, neither the Bush
  Administration nor any of the oil companies that had been active
  in Somalia up until the civil war broke out in early 1991 have
  commented publicly on Somalia's potential for oil and natural
  gas production. Even in private, veteran oil company exploration
  experts played down any possible connection between the
  Administration's move into Somalia and the corporate concessions
  at stake.

  "In the oil world, Somalia is a fringe exploration area," said
  one Conoco executive who asked not to be named. "They've
  over exaggerated it," he said of the geologists' optimism about
  the prospective oil reserves there. And as for Washington's
  motives in Somalia, he brushed aside criticisms that have been
  voiced quietly in Mogadishu, saying, "With America, there is a
  genuine humanitarian streak in us . . . that many other countries
  and cultures cannot understand."

  But the same source added that Conoco's decision to maintain its
  headquarters in the Somali capital even after it pulled out the
  last of its major equipment in the spring of 1992 was certainly
  not a humanitarian one. And he confirmed that the company, which
  has explored Somalia in three major phases beginning in 1952,
  had achieved "very good oil shows"--industry terminology for an
  exploration phase that often precedes a major discovery--just
  before the war broke out.

  "We had these very good shows," he said. "We were pleased. That's
  why Conoco stayed on.... The people in Houston are convinced
  there's oil there."

  Indeed, the same Conoco World article that praised Conoco's
  general manager in Somalia for his role in the humanitarian
  effort quoted Marchand as saying, "We stayed because of Somalia's
  potential for the company and to protect our assets."

  Marchand, a French citizen who came to Somalia from Chad after a
  civil war forced Conoco to suspend operations there, explained
  the role played by his firm in helping set up the U.S.-led
  pacification mission in Mogadishu.

  When the State Department asked Conoco management for assistance,
  I was glad to use the company's influence in Somalia for the
  success of this mission," he said in the magazine article. "I
  just treated it like a company operation--like moving a rig. I
  did it for this operation because the [U.S.] officials weren't
  familiar with the environment."

  Marchand and his company were clearly familiar with the anarchy
  into which Somalia has descended over the past two years--a
  nation with no functioning government no utilities and few roads,
  a place ruled loosely by regional warlords.

  Of the four U.S. companies holding the Siad Barre-era oil
  concessions, Conoco is believed to be the only one that
  negotiated what spokesman Geybauer called "a standstill
  agreement" with an interim government set up by one of
  Mogadishu's two principal warlords, Ali Mahdi Mohamed. Industry
  sources said the other U.S. companies with contracts in Somalia
  cited "_force majeure_" (superior power), a legal term asserting
  that they were forced by the war to abandon their exploration
  efforts and would return as soon as peace is restored.

  "It's going to be very interesting to see whether these
  agreements are still good," said Mohamed Jirdeh, a prominent
  Somali businessman in Mogadishu who is familiar with the oil-
  concession agreements. "Whatever Siad did, all those records and
  contracts, all disappeared after he fled.... And this period has
  brought with it a deep change of our society.

  "Our country is now very weak and, of course, the American oil
  companies are very strong. This has to be handled very
  diplomatically, and I think the American government must move out
  of the oil business, or at least make clear that there is a
  definite line separating the two, if they want to maintain a
  long-term relationship here."

______________________________________________________________________




From uwvax!uwm.edu!ux1.cso.uiuc.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!gatech!destroyer!cs.ubc.ca!empress.cs.ubc.ca!not-for-mail Fri Jun 25 07:22:35 CDT 1993
Article: 16580 of soc.culture.african
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From: [e-mail] (Scott Hazelhurst)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: Re: Group Rights
Date: 22 Jun 1993 17:56:14 -0700
Organization: Computer Science, University of B.C., Vancouver, B.C., Canada
Lines: 32
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
References: <[e-mail]> <[e-mail]> <[e-mail]> <[e-mail]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: empress.cs.ubc.ca

[e-mail] (Kanthan Pillay) writes:
[discussion on "group rights" deleted]

There's quite an interesting discussion of this in the South
African Law Commission Report on the subject
(Working Paper 25, Project 58: Group and Human Rights,
chair, Mr Justice PJJ Olivier, 1989).

The commission distinguished between "political group
rights" and "other group values" including language,
culture, and education. (It doesn't deal with the former
much other than to say they need protection). On
the latter it is very strong on these rights being
protected as individual rights in a bill of rights.
It makes the point that groups are not legal persona.
This is not just  a  legal technical point because
the issue of defining a group, how decisions are made
on behalf of the group, etc etc are next to impossible to
determine (given this argument I find it difficult to
understand how they came down so strongly in favour
of political group rights.

As far as I can work out, what's being asked for is
for KwaZulu (or KwaZulu/Natal ?) to be independent
no matter what the people living there think except
that Buthelezi would like to have a big hand out
from the central government. Or Else.

Scott
--
[e-mail]----------------------------------------------------------
   Scott Hazelhurst


From uwvax!uwm.edu!math.ohio-state.edu!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!news!news.world.net!speedway.net!nyxfer!ww Fri Jun 25 07:23:18 CDT 1993
Article: 16584 of soc.culture.african
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From: [e-mail] (Workers World Service)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: Pentagon's Boody Hand in Somalia
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Date: Tue, 22 Jun 93 20:43:53 EDT
Reply-To: [e-mail] (Workers World Service)
Distribution: world
Organization: NY Transfer News Collective
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Via NY Transfer News Collective * All the News that Doesn't Fit


PENTAGON'S BLOODY HAND IN SOMALIA
U.S. warlords order massacre of African protesters

By Brian Becker

Barely six months ago the United States dispatched 26,000 troops to
Somalia under the guise of "helping starving people." Now the
Pentagon is ordering these same forces to carry out murderous
bombing attacks on Mogadishu, Somalia's capital city.

The U.S. is at war against an African country.

The war against Somalia takes place under very thin cover of a
United Nations action. But the operation was conceived, organized
and executed by the Pentagon.

And President Clinton gave the go-ahead for war at a June 11 White
House meeting.

The bombing started early the next morning. As of June 15 it had
not stopped.

AC-130H Specter gunships, capable of firing thousands of rounds per
minute, directed intensive fire against Gen. Mohammad Farah Aidid's
headquarters and militia.

The Somalis have no anti-aircraft weapons. Aidid's militia offered
no military resistance to the bombing raids.

The U.S./UN troops also fired on civilians, in what appeared to be
a Nazi-like random, indiscriminate bombardment.

U.S. aircraft fired hundreds of thousands of cannon rounds in the
densely populated capital city.

Yet--in a script that echoed the early reports on both the Panama
invasion and Gulf war--on June 12 the New York Times dutifully
reported the Pentagon's claim that only one militia member was
killed, and no civilians.

Clinton himself provided a nearly classic example of imperialist
doublespeak in his June 12 weekly radio address. He said, "We are
striking a blow against lawlessness and killing."

MASSACRE OF UNARMED DEMONSTRATORS

Hours after the bombing started June 12, thousands of Somalis took
to the streets of Mogadishu.

They chanted and carried signs denouncing "U.S. imperialism" and
"UN peace-killers."

Somali women led the unarmed demonstrators. Women have played a
major leadership role in Somali society during the past two years
of famine.

According to reports in the Western media, the demonstrators were
marching down a main street in Mogadishu when UN troops--"peace
keepers"--suddenly, without warning, unloosed a barrage of
machine-gun fire.

Minutes later, 70 people lay sprawled in the street. More than 20
died--including a number of small children, according to a June 14
report in New York Newsday.

UN Special Envoy Jonathan Howe happens to be a retired U.S.
admiral. He announced that the bombing attack was only the first
phase of a long-term plan.

The plan involves door-to-door searches, mass arrests and other
ground operations. Forty-two hundred U.S. troops, supported by four
warships from the Persian Gulf, will take part in the action.

WARLORDS AND ENEMIES

How does the Clinton administration justify its first war?

Aidid's forces killed 23 UN troops in a number of skirmishes on
June 5, during an aggressive UN inspection of their warehoused
weapons.

The Somalis suffered as many or more casualties in the battles. And
Aidid claims his troops were attacked first and responded in
self-defense.

The U.S. media always refer to Aidid, along with every other Somali
leader, as a "warlord." It's like "warlord" is part of the name.

When they began "Operation Restore Hope," Pentagon officials
decided to use this terminology as a public-relations tactic to
gain support for any military action that was likely to kill many
Somalis.

Racist demonization of the "enemy" was also central to Pentagon
propaganda justifying the 1989 invasion of Panama and the genocidal
war against Iraq in 1991.

The U.S. has decided to destroy or severely weaken Aidid not
because he is a "warlord." The problem is he represents the
strongest of the various factions in Somalia.

He's under attack for resisting foreign troops' domination of
Somalia.

Washington's goal is to establish a completely subservient puppet
government or UN trusteeship in the strategic country located at
the very tip of the Horn of Africa. Any indigenous Somali force
that seeks even nominal independence is viewed as an obstacle to
the U.S. government's colonial designs.

Madeline Albright, U.S. ambassador to the UN, told Cable News
Network, "There are a whole series of ground-force actions that are
contemplated in the future. ...

"The United Nations forces do have plans to try to detain, to find
and detain the various faction leaders" who are resisting the UN
troops, Albright said.

ALL OF AFRICA IS TARGET

The U.S./UN war against the people of Somalia is also designed to
send a message to other African countries. They are targeted for
re-colonization and domination by the United States.

Washington feels free to move in now that the Soviet Union has
collapsed.

The Clinton administration has developed a new strategy for
intervening in Africa. It's cloaked under the fancy policy name of
"Assertive Multilateralism."

How does this translate from State Department gibberish into real
language? Simple. "Assertive multilateralism" means the U.S. can
militarily intervene around the world--under the cover of a
multi-country force waving the UN flag instead of the stars and
stripes.

Albright told the Senate Foreign Relations Sub-committee on African
Affairs that the United States is using the "multilateralist force"
strategy now in Somalia--but also preparing to deal with Liberia,
Togo, Angola and Zaire.

Zaire has vast copper and gold mines. Liberia is home to huge
rubber plantations owned by Firestone. And Gulf Oil owns massive
oil fields in Angola.

The people of Africa have fought for long decades to be independent
from colonialism and neo-colonialism. The White House and Pentagon
know they won't willingly submit to imperialism's designs for
domination and plunder.

So in Somalia Clinton borrows a page from George Bush's bloody
book--and shows that he too is willing to resort to the most
advanced weapons of mass destruction to subdue the Third World.

                               -30-

(Copyright Workers World Service: Permission to reprint granted
if source is cited. For more information, contact Workers World,
55 West 17th St., New York, NY 10011. Via E-mail: [e-mail])


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From uwvax!uwm.edu!ux1.cso.uiuc.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!darwin.sura.net!udel!news.intercon.com!panix!not-for-mail Fri Jun 25 07:24:45 CDT 1993
Article: 16598 of soc.culture.african
Path: uwvax!uwm.edu!ux1.cso.uiuc.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!darwin.sura.net!udel!news.intercon.com!panix!not-for-mail
From: [e-mail] (Kiggundu M Mukasa)
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: NIGERIAN GOVT. NULLIFIES ELECTIONS
Date: 23 Jun 1993 10:40:44 -0400
Organization: PANIX Public Access Internet and Unix, NYC
Lines: 16
Message-ID: <209q1c$[e-mail]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: sun.panix.com

Heard on the BBC this morning 8.00am EST.[1200HRS GMT] (Wednesday 23rd)
The Nigerian military government Nullified the election held 11 days ago.
The Nigerian president Babangida signed a decree that suspended the
electrol commisson and cancelled all the laws that were to be enacted
paving the way to civilian rule.

Now back to the bickering.

BTW I am offering friendly odds 3-1 that Babangida does not see Christmass
(more specifically January 1st 1994) as president.
Anyone care to make a friendly wager.

Kiggundu
[e-mail]




From uwvax!uwm.edu!ux1.cso.uiuc.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!noc.near.net!uunet!utcsri!newsflash.concordia.ca!mizar.cc.umanitoba.ca!access.usask.ca!edison.usask.ca!f54oguocha Fri Jun 25 07:26:49 CDT 1993
Article: 16605 of soc.culture.african
Path: uwvax!uwm.edu!ux1.cso.uiuc.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!noc.near.net!uunet!utcsri!newsflash.concordia.ca!mizar.cc.umanitoba.ca!access.usask.ca!edison.usask.ca!f54oguocha
From: [e-mail]
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: SOCCER NEWS: NIGERIAN & GHANAIAN FA 1ST DIVS + OTHER NEWS
Date: 23 JUN 93 17:15:03 GMT
Organization: University of Saskatchewan
Lines: 81
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
NNTP-Posting-Host: edison.usask.ca

Description: Nigerian and Ghanaian First Division Leagues
---------------------------------------------------------

1.    Nigerian FA Professional League
        ===============================

                   -------------------------------------
                              How They Stand
                   -------------------------------------

Team               P    W    SD    GLD    L    GF    GA     GD    PTS
----              ---------------------------------------------------
Sharks          15    8    1      1     5    18     11     +7    27
Nationale         15    7    1      4     3    15      7     +8    27
BCC          15    7    2      2     4    12      9     +3    27
Insurance      15    7    2      1     5    18     14     +4    26
Concord          13    8    1      -     4    13     10     +3    26
Berger          15    6    3        2     4    13     12     +1    26
Rangers          14    6    2      -     6    19     16     +3    25
Plateau          15    5    4      2     4    11     10     +1    25
El-Kanemi      14    6    1      3     4    15     11     +4    23
Stores          14    6    -      5     3     8      6     +2    23
Udoji United      15    5    2      1     7    11     12     -1    20
3SC          15    3    1      6     5     8     13     -5    17
Pillars           15    4    1      3     7     7     13     -6    17
VIP          14    2    3      3     7    11     17     -6    15
Rovers          15    3    1      3     8     6     12     -6    14
ACB          15    -    3      6     6     7     16     -9    11

N.B. a win = 3pts; a goaless draw(GLD) = 1pt; and a score draw(SD) = 2pts.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------


2.    Ghanaian FA League
    ==================

    How They Stand (As of 17-5-93)
    ------------------------------

Team               P    W   D    L    GF    GA     PTS
----               -----------------------------------
Dwarfs           7    4   3    0     6      1     11
Goldfields       8    4   2    2    11      6     10
Dawu               8    4   3    1     9      6      9
R.T.U.           8    3   3    2     8      8      9
Kotoko             7    2   5    0     3      1      9
Neoplan            7    3   2    2     4      4      8
Afienya            8    2   4    2     2      3      8
Hearts         8    1   5    2     6      7      7
B.A. United       8    1   4    3     6      8      6
GHAPOHA           8    2   2    4     6      9      6
Olympics       8    2   2    4     3      7      6
Kumpim           7    0   3    4     4      8      3



3.       Some Continental Results
         ========================

1.     African Champion Clubs Cup
       --------------------------

Home Team                  Visiting Team
---------                  -------------
Asante Kotoko(Ghana)  3    Marakesh(Morroco)    0


2.    Mandela Cup
        -----------

Home Team                      Visiting Team
---------                      -------------
El Kanemi Warriors(Nigeria) 4  Olympic Mvolye(Cameroon)   0

............................................................

That's all for now!

Oguocha

Source: African News Weekly (June 18, 1993, p31-32)


From uwvax!uwm.edu!msuinfo!agate!doc.ic.ac.uk!pipex!zaphod.crihan.fr!univ-lyon1.fr!scsing.switch.ch!dxcern!abie Fri Jun 25 07:28:06 CDT 1993
Article: 16611 of soc.culture.african
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Path: uwvax!uwm.edu!msuinfo!agate!doc.ic.ac.uk!pipex!zaphod.crihan.fr!univ-lyon1.fr!scsing.switch.ch!dxcern!abie
From: [e-mail] (Habtamu Abie)
Subject: Ethiopia : Press Communique for Peace
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Organization: CERN European Lab for Particle Physics
Distribution: World
Date: Wed, 23 Jun 1993 20:49:39 GMT
Lines: 83


                                             June 10, 1993

                      PRESS COMMUNIQUE

THE CO-ORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR PEACE AND  NATIONAL  RECONCILIATION
IN ETHIOPIA DECIDES TO HOLD  A  NATIONAL  PEACE AND  RECONCILIATION
CONFERENCE IN  ADDIS  ABABA  FROM  OCTOBER 15 TO 19, 1993. IT CALLS
INTERNATIONAL  COMMUNITY TO SUPPORT SUCH A CONFERENCE TO ENSURE ITS
SUCCESS.


As it may be recalled some of the important Ethiopian political
organizations, the Afar Revolutionary Democratic Union (ARDU), Coalition
of Ethiopian Democratic Forces (COEDF), the Ethiopian Medhin Democratic
Party (MEDHIN), the Multinational Congress Party of Ethiopia (MNCPE), the
Southern Ethiopian People's Democratic Coalition (SEPDC), the Oromo
Libration Front (OLF) and the Tigray-Tigrigny Ethiopia (TTE) met in Paris
between March 11-13, 1993 and issued a Paris Declaration which would
pave the way for National Peace and Reconciliation Conference in
Ethiopia.

The Co-ordinating committee of the Paris Peace and Reconciliation
Conference in Ethiopia which consists of representatives from the
participating organizations at the Paris meeting has been meeting
in Paris and London to draw up plans and strategies which will
bring about a lasting peace and reconciliation in Ethiopia.

In light of its mandate, the Co-ordinating Committee let it be known
to the Government of the World, the national and international media
as well as the international community that it has:

1. Decided to hold the peace and reconciliation conference in Addis
Ababa between October 15-19, 1993;

2. Sent an official letter to Mr. Meles Zenawi, the president of the
Transitional Government, the Legislative Branch of Government and the
Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), to open
talks concerning its participation in such a conference. The
Co-ordinating Committee strongly believes that resolving the
Ethiopian political crisis through a peaceful and democratic means
and through round table conference is a necessary precondition to
bring about a lasting peace and to avert a Bosnian type human
tragedy from repeating itself in Africa.

3. Appealed to the Ethiopian Government to provide room for a democratic
dialogue between itself and the opposition rather than engaging in sham
exercise of drafting a constitution without the participation of the
major political groups and the Ethiopian people.

4. Further appealed to all democratic and patriotic Ethiopians within
and outside Ethiopia to support such a peace conference.

5. Called upon all serious and relevant Ethiopian political groups and
organizations supporting or opposing the transitional government as well
as mass organizations with credible track record and struggling to
promote democracy, respect for human rights, pluralism and freedom of
expression, civic societies and professional, vocational and occupational
associations to support such a conference and to express their readiness
to send their representatives to the conference.

The Co-ordinating Committee further calls upon the international
community to invest in peace and reconciliation before it is too
late. The Co-ordinating Committee:

6. Appeals to ALL GOVERNMENTS OF THE WORLD, particularly the European,
American and African governments, to unreservedly support and sponsor
such a noble objective of bringing about a lasting peace and national
reconciliation and hence avoid another bloodshed in Ethiopia. Support
of our efforts by the international community is decisive to the
success of such a peace conference.

The only way to stop a repetition of the Bosnian human tragedy from
repeating itself in Ethiopia and saving the lives of millions is to
support the National Peace and Reconciliation Conference which will
be held in October before the situation gets out of control.

Show your support for the October Peace conference and prove to the
rest of the world that you are serious to help in peace making process.

Thank you for helping us to bring about peace in Ethiopia closer
than ever!!



From uwvax!uwm.edu!spool.mu.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!usc!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!psgrain!ee.und.ac.za!hippo.ru.ac.za!ucthpx!uctvax.uct.ac.za!mark Fri Jun 25 07:31:59 CDT 1993
Article: 16632 of soc.culture.african
Path: uwvax!uwm.edu!spool.mu.edu!howland.reston.ans.net!usc!cs.utexas.edu!uunet!psgrain!ee.und.ac.za!hippo.ru.ac.za!ucthpx!uctvax.uct.ac.za!mark
From: [e-mail]
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: Chief Mango makes Guiness Book of Records!
Message-ID: <[e-mail]>
Date: 24 Jun 93 13:38:33 +0200
Organization: University of Cape Town
Lines: 27

(From the Cape Times, Thursday 24 June 1993)

--- Start ---
Chief's speech wor(l)d record

JOHANNESBURG. - IFP leader Cief Mango-suthu Buthelezi has made it into
the 1994 Guinness Book of Records for delivering the longest speech, it
was reported yesterday.

He delivered the tongue-crippling address to the KwaZulu Legisla-tive
Assembly between March 12 and 29.

Chief Buthelezi spoke for 11 days, averaging 2 and a half hours a day.
- Sapa
---- End ----

(And they want to offer him a place in the cabinet!)

Mark Ramsden
--
"Inkatha's Ten Year Existence As A Movement - And Reflections On What
Inkatha Has Done In Non-Violent Strategies For Liberation And The
Increasing Temptation And Pressure Of Mindless Violence As A Strategy
Of Desperation In The Absence Of A Viable Basis For Peaceful Negotiation."

(Title of a speech by Inkatha leader Chief Mangosuthu Gatsha Buthelezi
to an Inkatha congress in 1985)


Article: 16653 of soc.culture.african
Newsgroups: soc.culture.african
Subject: World Issues BBS
From: [e-mail] (Faraz Rabbani)
Date: Wed, 23 Jun 93 22:56:00 -0600
Organization: CRS Online  (Toronto, Ontario)
Lines: 30


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